受身表現の仕方 - Forming the Passive
句動詞·名詞節·TO-不定詞の受身形
句動詞の受身形
目的語を取る他動詞しか受動態にはなりませんが、"laugh at" "take care of" など、前置詞の後に目的語をとる句動詞は受身文にすることができます。
I was laughed at (by everyone) in the room.
Everyone in the room laughed at ome.
She has been taken care of (by her daughter).
Her daughter has taken care of oher.
The judgment was relied on (by other staff).
The other staff relied on ohis judgment.
受身表現する時、前置詞を省略しないように気をつけましょう。動詞＋目的語＋副詞の熟語も同様です。
Light was left on (by her).
She left othe light on.
This subject was brought up at the meeting yesterday.
Somebody brought othe subject up at the meeting yesterday.
The game was called off because of bad weather.
Somebody called othe game off because of bad weather.
目的語＋TO-不定詞の受身形
ask, order, tell など、目的語＋TO-不定詞をとる動詞を受動態にする時は、TO-不定詞はそのまま続けます。【BY】以下は通常TO-不定詞句の後に来ますが、動詞の直後でも良いです。
He is beleived to be honest (by everyone).
Everyone believes ohim to be honest.
He is known to be a criminal (by everyone).
Everyone knows ohim to be a criminal.
I was asked (by her) to call the doctor.
She asked ome to call the doctor.
名詞節の時の受身表現
「原子力エネルギーはクリーンで安全だと信じられていた」というような文の、英語での言い方です。日本語では節をそのまま文頭に持ってきますが、英語の場合、ちょっと違います。
People believed that nuclear energy was clean and safe.
It was believed (that) the nuclear energy was clean and safe.
People believed that he had murdered the two men.
It was believed (that) he had murdered the two men.
THAT節の主語を、文の主語にして受身文にする場合、THAT節の動詞はTO-不定詞で表します。
People believe that nuclear energy was clean and safe.
Nuclear energy was believed to be clean and safe.
People believed that he had murdered the two men.
He was believed to have murdered the two men.
