間接話法の作り方 - Rules for Forming Reported Speech
間接話法を作り方です。公式を覚えようとしないで、できるだけ客観的に「リポート」するイメージでとらえましょう。
【THAT】は会話では省略するのが普通です。
She said, "I study English with my boyfriend here." ↓ ↓ ↓ She said (that) she studied English with her boyfriend there. |
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Step 1 代名詞を変える "I"→ "she", "my"→"her" |
主節の主語に合わせて、Quotationマークの中の代名詞を変えます。 |
Step 2 動詞の時制を変える "study"→"studied" |
主節の時制にあわせてQuotationマークの中の時制を変えます。(動詞の対応・助動詞の対応参照) |
Step 3 時、場所の副詞、指示語等を変える "here"→"there" |
自分の立場から見て、時と場所を表現します。(副詞の対応参照) |
動詞の対応
THAT-節の時制は、【SAID】という主節の行動との時間関係を考えましょう。 思い出して下さい。英語では過去完了形を使って過去の行動の前後を表すのでしたね?
He said, "This is a perfect example." He said that that was a perfect example. | 現在形 that節- 過去形 |
He said, "I am studying." He said that he was studying. | 現在進行形 that節- 過去進行形 |
She said, "We have already had breakfast." She said that they had already had breakfast. | 現在完了形 that節- 過去完了形 |
She said, "I have been thinking to move out." She said that she had been thinking to move out. | 現在完了進行形< that節- 過去完了進行形 |
They said, "He went to school." They said that he had gone to school. | 過去形 that節- 過去完了形 |
They said, "He was studying." They said that he had been studying. | 過去進行 that節- 過去完了進行形 |
She said, "I will go to Japan tomorrow." She said that she would go to Japan the next day. | 未来形 that節- 過去形 |
My teacher said, "The earth is round." My teacher said that the earth is round. | 科学的真実< that節- 現在形 |
英語では、普遍的科学事実は常に現在形で表します。ですから、"My teacher said the earth is round." であり、"was" ではありません。
英会話では"said" だけでなく、【suggest】【ask】 【think】【assume】 【demand】【order】【prohibit】 等の動詞を使って表現する事が多く、直接話法→間接話法の公式的直訳はあまりしません。
He said, "You must not smoke in my room."
→ He prohibited me from smoking in his room.