間接話法の作り方 - Rules for Forming Reported Speech
間接話法を作り方です。公式を覚えようとしないで、できるだけ客観的に「リポート」するイメージでとらえましょう。
助動詞の対応
間接話法を作る時は、助動詞の意味をまず考えましょう。助動詞の意味に過去形が無い時、過去形にすると意味が変わってしまう時、時制は変わりません（
| CAN COULD |
She said, "I can speak English." She said that she could speak English. be able toの意味のcanの過去形はcouldです。 |
|---|---|
| MUST HAVE TO HAD TO |
She said, "I must study English." She said that she had to study English. 「〜しなければならない」のmustの過去形はhad toです。 He said, "You must not smoke here." She said that I must not smoke there." "must not"の過去形はありませんからそのままです。 |
| SHOULD MIGHT |
She said, "I should study English. " She said that she should study English. She said, "I might study English." She said that she might study English. "should""might"の過去形はないのでそのままです。 |
| 仮定法 |
She said, "I would buy a house if I had money." She said that she would buy a house if she had money. 仮定法は時制を変えると意味が変わるので、そのままです。 |
場所・時を表す副詞の呼応
He said, "I am going to work here tomorrow."
He said that he was going to work there yesterday.
上記の２文が、同じ事を言っているとすると、２つの事がわかります。
- 私が今いる場所と彼が話をしていた場所は違います。
- 彼が話をしていた日を仮に１日として、"tomorrow"は２日です。２日を"yesterday"と呼んでいるわけですから、今日は３日です。
もし、私が今いる場所と、彼が話をしていた場所と日にちが同じだとすると、
He said that he was going to work here tomorrow.
という事になります。here も、tomorrow も、彼と話していた時と状況が変わらないからです。
副詞の呼応のルールはあくまでも目安で、todayを当日中に話せば間接話法の中でもtodayです。
杓子定規に直接話法を書き換えるのではなく、自分の立っている場所、時間から動かずに、彼が言っている"there," "tomorrow" がどこで何時なのかを考えましょう。
下記の例は、直接話法と間接話法とでは場所・日時が、違う事が前提です。
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She said, "He will be here today." She said that he would be there that day. | here→there today→that day |
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She said, “I want to go shopping now." She said that she wanted to go shopping then. | now →then |
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He said, "I don't have much work to do this week." He said that he did not have much work to do that week. | this week →that week |
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He said, "she bought these books yesterday." He said that she had bought those books the day before. | these→those yesterday →the day before, the previous day, |
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She said, "I was in Paris last week." She said that she had been in Paris the week before. | last week →the week before, the previous week |
| He said, "I live in Osaka two years ago." He said that he lived in Osaka two years before. | ago →before |
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They said, "we are going to Paris tomorrow." They said that they were going to Paris the next day. | tomorrow →the next day, the following day |
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He said, "I will go to New York next month." He said that he would go to New York the following month. | next month → the next month, the following month |
上記の例文の場合、日にち、週、月、が別である事が前提の書き換えです。間接話法の基本は、自分の立っている場所、時間から動かない事です。書き換えを暗記するよりも、その感覚を身につけるようにしましょう。
