対照表現 - Contrast
AとB を対照的に表す表現方法。逆説とか譲歩とか呼ばれます。【BUT】以外にも色々な表現の仕方があります。
下記の例文ははニュアンスに若干違いがありますが、内容は同じです。
対照表現
接続詞
譲歩（逆説）を表す接続詞は、【BUT】と【YET】があります。
I had a lot of homework, but I went to a movie.
I had a lot of homework, yet I went to a movie.
BUT は ANYWAY や STILL を、YET は STILL を伴い対照を強調する事が多いです。
It was cold, but I went swimming, anyway.
It was cold, yet I still went swimming.
接続副詞
譲歩を表す接続副詞には、HOWEVER, NEVERTHLESS, NONETHELESS があります。
I had a lot of homework; however, I went to a movie.
I had a lot of homework. Nevertheless, I went to a movie.
I had a lot of homework; nonetheless, I went to a movie.
副詞節
譲歩を導くのは、ALTHOGH, EVEN THOUGH, THOUGH があります。
Even though I had a lot of homework, I went to a movie.
Although I had a lot of homework, I went to a movie.
Though I had a lot of homework, I went to a movie.
この他にも、despite the fact that, in spite of the fact thatがあります。ちょっと大げさな言い回しですが…
Despite the fact that the earth is round, ancient people believed that the earth was flat.
前置詞
DESPITE, IN SPITE OF も譲歩の意味を表します。
I went to a movie despite doing homework.
I went to a movie in spite of doing homework.
DISPITE も IN SPITE OF も 【BUT】に比べると硬めの表現で口語ではまず使いません。
Direct Contrast
「Aという一面がある一方で、Bという一面もある。」という意味の表現。【WHILE】や【BUT】を多く使い勝ちですが、他にも言い方はあります。
接続詞
接続詞では【BUT】のみが、緩やかな対象を表すことができます。
Sue is rich, but Joe is poor.
Joe is poor, but Sue is rich.
接続副詞
HOWEVER で対照を示すことができます。
Sue is rich; however, Joe is poor.
Joe is poor. However, Sue is rich.
また、ON THE OTHER HAND で、２つの対照的な事を表すことができます。
Sue is rich. On the other hand, Joe is poor.
Joe is poor. Sue, on the other hand, is rich.
副詞節
WHILE, WHEREAS で節を導きます。カンマを必ず用います。
Sue is rich, while Joe is poor.
Joe is poor, while Sue is rich.
Whereas Joe is poor, Sue is rich.
Sue is rich, whereas Joe is poor.
