As If/ As Though & Wish - 仮定法表現
As If/ As Though
「まるで〜みたい。」という表現は 【AS IF 〜】で表します。普通に予測を表す場合は、現在形。事実と異なる比喩表現は、仮定法です。
It looks as if it rains.
= It looks like rain.→予測なので現在形
He looks as if he were a child.
→The truth: He is not a child.
He acted as though he had never met her.
→The truth: He met her before.
ちなみに、 "It looks like it rains." は日常会話でよく使われますが、"like" は節をとらないので、文法的には正しくありません。
WISH
【WISH】は叶う見込みのない、又は叶わなかった願望を表す表現です。
"I wish you would…" 「あなたが〜してくれると良いのだけれど。」と言う意味から、転じて丁寧な依頼表現として使われることが多いです。
I wish she would be here.
→The truth: She will not be here.
I wish I went to the party.
→The truth: I don't go to the party.
I wish he had come.
→The truth: He did not come.
I wish you would be here.
→The truth: You are not here. OR 丁寧な依頼表現
IF IT WERE NOT FOR/ IF IT HAD NOT BEEN FOR
「〜がなければ」という意味で、【BUT FOR 〜】【WITHOUT 〜】に置き換えられます。文語的表現です。
If it were not for her, we would not be alive.
Without (But for) her, we would not be alive.
We would have arrived much earlier if it had not been for the snow.
But for the snow, we would have arrived much earlier.
IF…SHOULD DO
【IF…SHOULD DO】は「万一、もしかしたら」という意味で、実現の可能性の乏しい条件を表します。特に依頼（命令）表現でよく使われます。
If you should see him, tell him to call me.
If anyone should call, please take a massage.
IF…WERE TO DO
【IF…WERE TO DO】は【IF…SHOULD DO】よりもさらに可能性の低い、ありえないような場合に使います。
If anything were to happen to her baby, Susan would no longer live.
If this play were to be performed, it would be sensational.
if-節の省略
仮定法の【WERE】【HAD過去完了】【SHOULD】がIF-節にある時、IFを省略でき、動詞と主語の位置が入れ変わります。
Were I you, I would study.
=If I were you, I would study.
Had I been there, I would have been upset.
=If I had been there, I would have been upset.
Should anyone call, please take a massage.
=If anyone should call, please take a massage.
